Edublogging

I learned a few things from Edublogging. It makes me see different versions of one topic because using only one source is plagiarism.Verification is one important part of this form of blogging. One shouldn't simply copy and paste from others. 



Not only do I learn from edublogging, but in the future, others might learn what I have learned also. This is one of the fun things in edublogging. You can teach people you learned things in your way, like a shortcut to a math formula. This can help make learning easier for future generations.

My blog may not look that attractive compared to others. I did learn some ways to make it attractive but the content is usually more important than the layouts. This is what should really matter in the blog.

Well, it's been a rough year for me, but I might keep this blog active.  See you soon.

Or not

Toxicology

Toxicology sounds like something involving poisons. In a way, that is true. Actually, anything can be considered a poison if given an overdose. Toxicology is the study of the bad effects of chemicals in the body. 

source: www.sciencephoto.com

Toxicology comes from the Greek word toxicos which means "poisonous". The man considered as the father of toxicology is Mathieu Orfila (full name: Mathieu Joseph Bonaventure Orfila). He devised ways on testing chemicals to detect arsenic on a murdered victim.







Branches of toxicology:

Source: ionenewsone.files.wordpress.com

1. Drug Abuse Screening (DAS):
 To screen for drug use, to monitor someone with a substance abuse problem, or to detect and evaluate a drug overdose. Involves drugs that are addictive and can lead to dependence.


2. Emergency toxicology:
Sort of what to do in case someone ingests poisons



3. Therapeutic drug monitoring:
The amount of a drug which will help a patient


4. Industrial Toxicology:
This involves production of drugs, pesticides, and others


5. Forensic Toxicology:
Using toxicology along with other chemistry branches to help any medical or legal investigation of death, poisoning, and drug use

source: www.all-about-forensic-science.com

Source: www.pharmaceutical-int.com

6. In vitro Toxicology:
testing the effects of toxic chemicals on cultured bacteria or animal cells

Endocrine system

Figure 1. Glands of the Endocrine system

The endocrine system is the system of specialized organs called glands, each of which secretes a type of chemical called a hormone directly into the bloodstream to regulate the body. Hormones have many different functions and modes of action; one hormone may have several effects on different target organs, and, conversely, one target organ may be affected by more than one hormone.

Hormones regulate and influence:

• Weight Regulation
• Your Immune Function
• Body Fat Composition
• Energy Levels
• Anti-aging
• Regulating Mood
• Sexual Function
• Reproductive Processes
• Growth rate
• Tissue Function
• Metabolism

The hormones secreted by the endocrine system are classified into three categories based on their chemical structure:

1. Steroids – these hormones are lipids made from cholesterol, such as sex hormones. They come from the testis (male), ovaries (female), adrenal glands and placenta.
2. Peptides –  are short chains of amino acids that are secreted by the pituitary gland, parathyroid gland, heart, stomach, liver, and kidneys.  Most hormones are peptides.
3. Amines – these are made from an amino acid secreted from the thyroid gland and adrenal glands.

glands	HORMONES	GLAND/HORMONE FUNCTION	SOME DISORDERS
Hypothalamus (Lower middle of the brain)	Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) Prolactin-(PRL) Antidiuretic Hormones- (ADH)	Communicates with both nervous and endocrine systems. Stimulates (GHRH, TRH, CRH, GnRH) or inhibits (PIF) hormone production in the pituitary Water balance	Precocious puberty (early GnRH production) Kallman syndrome (inadequate GnRH production)
Pituitary (below hypothalamus, behind sinus cavity)	Prolactin Growth Hormone ACTH TSH LH, FSH	Milk production Bone growth Stimulates cortisol Stimulates thyroid Regulation of testosterone and estrogen, fertility	Hypopituitarism    Empty Sella Syndrome    Galactorrhea Acromegaly or Gigantism (excess GH) Growth Hormone Deficiency (GHD) Cushing disease (excess ACTH) Hyper/Hypothyroidism (TSH) Loss of menstrual period Loss of sex drive Infertility
Thyroid (butterfly shaped, Lies flat against windpipe in the throat)	T4 (thyroxine) T3 (triiodothyronine) calcitonin	Metabolism Regulate blood in calcium	Thyroid diseases (including hypo and hyperthyroidism)
Parathyroid (located above or next to thyroid)	Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)  or Parathormone		Hyperparathyroidism Hypoparathyroidism
Adrenal    (2 organs on top of kidneys)	Epinephrine Norepinephrine Aldosterone  Cortisol	Blood pressure regulation stress reaction Salt, water balance Stress reaction	Pheochromocytopenia(MEN2) Conn syndrome Cushing syndrome Addisons disease
Ovaries (located on the pelvis)	Estrogen Progesterone	Female sexual characteristics	Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
Testes (located in the groin)	Testosterone	Male sexual characteristics	Hypogonadism
Pancreas (located behind the stomach)	Insulin Glucagon Somatostatin	Glucose regulation	Diabetes mellitus MENI Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
Pineal (lower side of the brain)	Melatonin	Helps control sleep patterns

References:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endocrine_system
http://kidshealth.org/teen/your_body/body_basics/endocrine.html#
http://www.buzzle.com/articles/endocrine-system-function.html